The Society of Independent Artists is an association of American artists based in New York. It is committed to exhibiting all of the works of art that artists submit. For its first exhibition in 1917, the Society has received an anonymous application for a piece called Fountain, which is a real urinal placed on its side. At this time, "modern art", which questions what it means for something to be art, is not publicly accepted.

In the "aptitude profile" system, parents would be presented with a 'template child' with no particular aptitudes/particular natural abilities. All parents would then have an equal number of "aptitude points" they can assign to various mental traits like mathematical aptitude, musical aptitude, spatial reasoning, linguistic aptitude, etc. which improve their child's natural abilities in these areas. 

Over the past decade, figure skating and gymnastics have adopted the Code of Points system that assigns values to individual elements based on their difficulty, with minimal rewards for artistic virtues. This replaced previous scoring systems which awarded scores to routines holistically considering the technical merit of the routine and its artistic elements based on composition, originality, style, and expression.